Actions and Referrals

Actions and Referrals

Short description

This submodule provides a comprehensive overview of the actions educators and caregivers can take when an adolescent exhibits signs of psychological distress. It begins with the identification of risk and protective factors that influence mental health, helping professionals distinguish between situations that can be managed within the school environment and those requiring referral to mental health specialists. Emphasis is placed on understanding levels of prevention and knowing when and how to escalate concerns. The submodule offers practical strategies for managing classroom behavior with a positive, inclusive approach, avoiding punitive measures and instead reinforcing emotional regulation, empathy, and respectful interaction. Additionally, it introduces Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) as a common and evidence-based treatment, outlining its benefits and appropriate use. Guidance is also provided on evaluating mental health professionals and avoiding pseudoscientific practices. The submodule concludes with a focus on school climate, highlighting the importance of supportive environments through diversity, equity, self-esteem, participation, and safety, along with early intervention and staff support.

Objectives of the module

• Support early referral and intervention processes in cases of adolescent mental distress.
• Differentiate between mental health problems and mental disorders.
• Identify risk and protective factors for adolescent psychological well-being.
• Promote inclusive and emotionally supportive school environments.
• Familiarize learners with evidence-based interventions, especially CBT.
• Provide tools for managing classroom behavior positively and effectively.

Learning outcomes

After completing this module, learners will:

• Recognize when to refer a student to a mental health professional.
• Understand the principles of primary prevention and classroom-level support.
• Implement behavior management techniques grounded in positive discipline.
• Explain the rationale and structure of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
• Design environments that foster emotional safety, inclusion, and resilience.
• Identify key risk and protective factors in adolescent mental health.
• Distinguish situations requiring professional referral from those manageable within school.
• Apply behavioral strategies to support emotionally vulnerable students.
• Communicate effectively with families and professionals during the referral process.
• Create inclusive, psychologically safe classroom and school climates.